- Version
- Download 75481
- File Size 0.00 KB
- File Count 1
- Create Date May 6, 2026
- Last Updated May 6, 2026
Prehospital Blood Management in Trauma Patients: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspective
Jiatong Zou1, Yi Li2, Haibo Si2*
1Department of Emergency, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
2Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
Corresponding Author: Haibo SI
Address: Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China.
Received date: 07 April 2026; Accepted date: 18 April 2026; Published date: 25 April 2026
Citation: Zou J, Li Y, Si H. Prehospital Blood Management in Trauma Patients: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspective. Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep. 2026 Apr 25;9(1):34-45.
Copyright © 2026 Zou J, Li Y, Si H. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: Prehospital Blood Management, Trauma Patients, Blood Products, Blood Transfusion, Tranexamic Acid
Abstract
Trauma-induced hemorrhage is one of the primary causes of preventable mortality globally, accounting for a substantial proportion of prehospital deaths and underscoring the critical demand for prompt and effective blood management strategies during prehospital transport. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current state, key challenges, and future perspectives of prehospital blood management for trauma patients. This review evaluates established trauma assessment tools (e.g., Shock Index, ABC score), the global implementation of prehospital blood product transfusion—including low-titer group O whole blood, packed red blood cells, and plasma—by emergency medical services in the United States, Europe, and Australia, as well as non-transfusion interventions such as early tranexamic acid administration, crystalloid/colloid resuscitation, and physical hemostatic interventions.
Recent advances, including lyophilized plasma, point-of-care viscoelastic monitoring, telemedicine platforms, artificial intelligence–driven decision support systems, real-time blood-loss monitoring technologies, and automated transfusion devices, are reviewed for their potential to optimize trauma care delivery. Major challenges identified include resource constraints in remote or austere environments, marked heterogeneity in transfusion protocols and triggering criteria, suboptimal assessment and monitoring capabilities, and deficiencies in prehospital provider training and continuing education.
Optimization strategies encompass standardized operating procedures, strengthened interdisciplinary collaboration, enhanced public and professional trauma education initiatives, and structured competency-based training frameworks. By clarifying these key elements and outlining priority research directions—including personalized transfusion protocols and integration of large-scale data analytics—this review serves as a fundamental reference for the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines and consensus statements. Ultimately, this review seeks to advance protocol standardization and improve survival outcomes for patients with life-threatening traumatic hemorrhage.