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Pattern of Findings in Echocardiography of Cardiovascular Diseases in Geriatric Patients: A Case Study of a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital

Daniel Ifeanyi Obatu¹, Benjamin Ikemefuna Ude^1iD*, David Ogbonna Onyekachi¹, Victor David Obed^1
1Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria

Corresponding Author: Benjamin Ikemefuna Ude ^{ORCID iD}
Address: Department of Medical Radiography and Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN), Nigeria.
Received date: 27 October 2024; Accepted date: 16 January 2025; Published date: 23 January 2025

Citation: Obatu DI, Ude BI, Onyekachi DO, Obed VD. Pattern of Findings in Echocardiography of Cardiovascular Diseases in Geriatric Patients: A Case Study of a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep. 2025 Jan 23;8(1):51-57.

Copyright © 2025 Obatu DI, Ude BI, Onyekachi DO, Obed VD. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords: Geriatric Patients, Echocardiography, Hypertensive Heart Disease, Cardiovascular Disease

Abbreviations: CVD: Cardiovascular Disease; HHD: Hypertensive Heart Disease; CCF: Congestive Cardiac Failure; DCM: Dilated Cardiomyopathy; IHD: Ischemic Heart Disease; COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CXR: Chest X-ray; LVH: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy; AGN: Acute Glomerulonephritis

Abstract

Background: Echocardiography is a non-invasive technique that provides information about cardiac structure, function, and hemodynamics. Therefore, the knowledge of the echocardiographic pattern is imperative for the effective planning and management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, there is a lack of data on the pattern of echocardiographic findings among these patients in our locality. Consequently, there is a need for a study aimed at describing the pattern of findings in echocardiography of cardiovascular diseases in geriatric patients.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Federal Medical Centre, Asaba from January 2018 to March 2021. It involved 130 reports of cardiovascular disease patients selected using a random sampling technique. Only geriatric patients’ echocardiography reports were included in the study and reports with incomplete information were excluded. Data collected were the patient’s age, sex, indications and echocardiography findings.
Results: Out of 130 reports collected, 70 (53.8%) were female while 60(46.2%) were male. The age range of 71-75 years was the most occurring (27.8%) while 96-100 years were the least (0.6%). Also, hypertensive heart disease was the most common indication (34.6%) for echocardiography examination and the most frequent echocardiographic finding (56.8%). Mitral stenosis was the least occurring finding (0.6%). Echocardiographic findings showed a negative correlation with gender but a positive correlation with age, although all are statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: Hypertensive heart disease represents the most prevalent indication for echocardiography and the most common echocardiographic finding.