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Clinical Development of Treatment Direction for Diabetic Nephropathy as Diet and Pharmacotherapy
Koji Ebe1,2, Hiroshi Bando1,3iD*, Michael Wood1
1Japan Low Carbohydrate Diet Promotion Association (JLCDPA), Kyoto, Japan
2Takao Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
3Medical Research/Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
Corresponding Author: Hiroshi Bando ORCID iD
Address: Tokushima University /Medical Research, Nakashowa 1-61, Tokushima 770-0943, Japan.
Received date: 03 January 2025; Accepted date: 30 January 2025; Published date: 06 February 2025
Citation: Ebe K, Bando H, Wood M. Clinical Development of Treatment Direction for Diabetic Nephropathy as Diet and Pharmacotherapy. Asp Biomed Clin Case Rep. 2025 Feb 06;8(1):64-67.
Copyright © 2025 Ebe K, Bando H, Wood M. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords: Low-Carbohydrate Diet, Chronic Kidney Disease, Metformin, Diabetic Nephropathy, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Major Adverse Kidney Events
Abbreviations: ADA: American Diabetes Association; SoC: Standard of Care; LCD: Low-Carbohydrate Diet; CKD: Chronic Kidney Disease; JLCDPA: Japan LCD Promotion Association; eGFR: Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; DN: Diabetic Nephropathy; MACE: Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events; MAKE: Major Adverse Kidney Events
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) announced the Standard of Care (SoC)-2025 in January 2025. It included useful information about the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and Metformin. Historically, the ADA has re-evaluated LCD in 2008, 2011, 2013, and 2019. Authors have developed LCD medically and socially through the Japan LCD Promotion Association (JLCDPA). From the latest report of post hoc analysis, Metformin may have a beneficial effect on CKD cases with an eGFR of less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m². For diabetic nephropathy (DN), impressive findings have been observed for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse kidney events (MAKE).