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A Narrative Review of Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications in Neonates: Integrating Patient, Surgical, and Anesthetic Determinants for Optimized Perioperative Care
Abstract
Objective: To review the main risk factors for postoperative complications in neonates and provide references for optimizing perioperative management.
Methods: Literature published between 2000 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed was retrieved. Patient-, surgical-, and anesthesia-related risk factors for postoperative complications in neonates were summarized and analyzed.
Results: The occurrence of postoperative complications in neonates is the result of multiple factors. Patient factors, such as prematurity, low birth weight, and severe comorbidities; surgical factors, such as emergency surgery and operation duration; and anesthesia- and perioperative management-related factors, such as preoperative status and intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations, are all key elements affecting prognosis.
Conclusion: Identifying and evaluating high-risk factors and performing preoperative optimization and refined intraoperative management through multidisciplinary collaboration are important strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in neonates and improve their surgical outcomes.
Methods: Literature published between 2000 and 2024 in databases such as PubMed was retrieved. Patient-, surgical-, and anesthesia-related risk factors for postoperative complications in neonates were summarized and analyzed.
Results: The occurrence of postoperative complications in neonates is the result of multiple factors. Patient factors, such as prematurity, low birth weight, and severe comorbidities; surgical factors, such as emergency surgery and operation duration; and anesthesia- and perioperative management-related factors, such as preoperative status and intraoperative hemodynamic fluctuations, are all key elements affecting prognosis.
Conclusion: Identifying and evaluating high-risk factors and performing preoperative optimization and refined intraoperative management through multidisciplinary collaboration are important strategies to reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in neonates and improve their surgical outcomes.